DESCRIPTIONÂ
In dysautonomia, the different parts of the nervous system are out of balance. They do not work together as needed.
The nervous system can be divided into two parts:
- Central nervous system (CNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.
- Peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS consists of the nerves that travel from the CNS out through the body and back. The PNS itself can also be divided into two parts:
- Somatic nervous system. Controls voluntary movement.
- Autonomic nervous system. Regulates functions of the body without conscious thought.
Role of the Autonomic Nervous System
The autonomic nervous system works to regulate involuntary, or unconscious, bodily functions. For instance, it can regulate breathing, even if we are not thinking about breathing. It can also regulate:
- Heart rate
- Blood pressure
- Sweating
- Digestion
The autonomic system is part of the PNS. However, some areas of the CNS can also affect the autonomic system. These areas of the CNS include:
- The hypothalamus, which regulates hormones
- Parts of the brain that respond to emotions
Abnormalities in the Autonomic System
Most of the time, the CNS works with the PNS to keep a balance, or homeostasis, among the systems. This keeps the nervous systems working well. In dysautonomia, these systems do not work properly.
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)
POTS is a relatively common type of dysautonomia. It is discussed in detail here.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSÂ
General Symptoms
Symptoms of dysautonomia can include, but are not limited to:
- Orthostatic hypotension (a drop in blood pressure with standing)
- Tachycardia (rapid heart rate)
- Lightheadedness or dizziness
- Fatigue
- Anxiety
- Nausea or vomiting
- Headache
- Syncope (fainting or passing out)
- Intolerance of heat or cold
- Constipation
- Abnormal sweating
- Frequent urination or urinary accidents
Symptoms of Familial Dysautonomia (FD)
FD is an inherited condition. It usually affects infants shortly after birth. It is also known as Riley-Day syndrome or HSAN Type III. Symptoms include:
- Problems feeding
- Low tone (floppiness)
- Low body temperature
- Fewer tears produced with crying
- Excessive sweating and drooling
- Decreased responses to pain
- An unusually smooth tongue (absent tastebuds)
In early childhood, children with FD may develop something called autonomic crises. These crises can be very dangerous. They usually consist of:
- A sudden onset of vomiting
- High blood pressure
- Rapid heartrate
OUTLOOK
There is usually no cure for dysautonomia. The long-term outcome depends on the underlying cause and the severity of symptoms.
